I-Shanghai Vithy iSindleke ngempumelelo i-China International Nickel & Cobalt Industry Forum 2024: Insights and Filtration Applications

I.Intshayelelo

Umzi-mveliso we-nickel kunye ne-cobalt yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yecandelo le-non-ferrous, lifumana ukukhula okulungileyo kwiminyaka yamuva. Njengoko utshintsho lwemo engqongileyo, olufana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, luthatha indawo ephambili, i-nickel idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubuchwephesha bamandla acocekileyo, ngakumbi kwiibhetri zamandla amatsha. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lijongene nemingeni emininzi, kubandakanywa ukunqongophala kwe-nickel kunye ne-cobalt yasekhaya, ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwexabiso kwi-nickel yehlabathi kunye ne-cobalt market, ukunyusa ukhuphiswano ngaphakathi kwishishini, kunye nokuxhaphaka kwemiqobo yorhwebo yehlabathi.

 

Namhlanje, utshintsho oluya kumandla anekhabhoni ephantsi lube lugqaliselo lwehlabathi, lutsala ingqwalasela eyongeziweyo kwiintsimbi eziphambili njengenikeli kunye ne-cobalt. Njengoko i-nickel yehlabathi jikelele kunye ne-cobalt imboni ye-cobalt ikhula ngokukhawuleza, impembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo evela kumazwe aseYurophu naseMntla Melika kwicandelo elitsha lamandla iya icaca ngakumbi. I-China International Nickel & Cobalt Industry Forum 2024 yabanjwa ukusuka ngo-Okthobha wama-29 ukuya kuma-31 eNanchang, kwiPhondo laseJiangxi, eChina. Eli qonga lijolise ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso olunempilo kunye nocwangco kwishishini le-nickel yehlabathi kunye ne-cobalt ngonxibelelwano olubanzi kunye nentsebenziswano ngexesha lomcimbi. Njengomntu obambe iqhaza kule nkomfa, i-Shanghai Vithy Filter System Co., Ltd. iyavuya ukwabelana ngemibono kunye nokwazisa izicelo zokucoca ezifanelekileyo kwishishini.

 

 

II. Ukuqonda kwiForam yeNickel kunye neCobalt

 

1.I-Nickel kunye ne-Cobalt Lithium Insights

(1) ICobalt: Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso obhedu kunye ne-nickel yakutshanje kuye kwakhokelela ekwandiseni utyalo-mali kunye nokukhululwa kwamandla, okubangelwa ukunikezelwa kwexesha elifutshane lezinto eziluhlaza ze-cobalt. Imbonakalo yamaxabiso e-cobalt isahleli ingenathemba, kwaye amalungiselelo kufuneka enziwe ukuze kuthotywe ukwehla kwiminyaka ezayo. Ngo-2024, unikezelo lwe-cobalt yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ludlule imfuno ngeetoni ze-43,000, kunye ne-surplus eqikelelweyo yeetoni ezingaphezu kwe-50,000 ngo-2025. Oku kugqithiswa ngokugqithiseleyo kuqhutyelwa ngokukhula komthamo okhawulezayo kwicala lokubonelela, okukhuthazwa ngokunyuka kwexabiso le-copper kunye ne-nickel ukususela kwi-2020 yeeprojekthi zophuhliso lwe-copper ye-Democratic Republic. iCongo kunye neeprojekthi ze-nickel hydrometallurgical e-Indonesia. Ngenxa yoko, i-cobalt iveliswa ngobuninzi njengemveliso.

 

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Cobalt kulindeleke ukuba kubuyiselwe kwakhona kwi-2024, kunye nezinga lokukhula konyaka-ngonyaka we-10.6%, ngokuyinhloko liqhutywa kukubuyisela kwi-3C (ikhompyutheni, unxibelelwano, kunye ne-electronics yabathengi) kunye nokunyuka kwenani leebhetri ze-nickel-cobalt ternary. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula kulindeleke ukuba kucothise ukuya kwi-3.4% ngo-2025 ngenxa yokutshintsha kwendlela yetekhnoloji yeebhetri zemoto yamandla amatsha, okukhokelela ekugqithisweni kwe-cobalt sulfate kwaye kubangele ilahleko kwiinkampani. Umsantsa wexabiso phakathi kwe-cobalt yensimbi kunye neetyuwa ze-cobalt uyanda, kunye nemveliso ye-cobalt yensimbi yasekhaya ikhula ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-21,000, iitoni ezingama-42,000, kunye neetoni ezingama-60,000 ngo-2023, 2024, kunye no-2025, ngokulandelanayo, ukufikelela kumthamo we-75,000. I-oversupply iyatshintsha ukusuka kwi-cobalt salts ukuya kwi-metallic cobalt, ebonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuhla kwexabiso kwixesha elizayo. Izinto eziphambili zokubukela kwishishini le-cobalt zibandakanya iimpembelelo ze-geopolitical kunikezelo lwezibonelelo, ukuphazamiseka kwezothutho ezichaphazela ukufumaneka kwempahla eluhlaza, ukumiswa kwemveliso kwiiprojekthi ze-nickel hydrometallurgical, kunye namaxabiso aphantsi e-cobalt akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa. Umsantsa wamaxabiso ogqithisileyo phakathi kwentsimbi ye-cobalt kunye ne-cobalt sulfate kulindeleke ukuba ube yesiqhelo, kwaye amaxabiso aphantsi e-cobalt anokunyusa usetyenziso, ngakumbi kumacandelo akhula ngokukhawuleza anje ngobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, iidrones, kunye neerobhothi, ezicebisa ikamva eliqaqambileyo kushishino lwecobalt.

 

 

(2)Lithium: Ngexesha elifutshane, i-lithium carbonate inokufumana ukunyuswa kwexabiso ngenxa ye-macroeconomic sentiment, kodwa i-upside potency iyancipha. Imveliso ye-lithium ye-Global kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-1.38 yezigidi zeetoni ze-LCE ngo-2024, ukunyuka kwe-25% ngonyaka, kunye ne-1.61 yezigidi zeetoni ze-LCE ngo-2025, ukunyuka kwe-11%. I-Afrika kulindeleke ukuba ifake isandla phantse kwisinye esithathwini sokukhula okunyukayo ngo-2024, ngokunyuka malunga neetoni ezingama-80,000 zeLCE. Ngokommandla, imigodi ye-lithium yase-Australia ilindeleke ukuba ivelise malunga ne-444,000 yeetoni ze-LCE ngo-2024, ngokunyuka kweetoni ezingama-32,000 ze-LCE, ngelixa i-Afrika kulindeleke ukuba ivelise malunga ne-140,000 yeetoni ze-LCE ngo-2024, ezinokufikelela kwi-220,000 yeetoni ze-LCE kwi-5ing ye-LCE eMzantsi Melika, kunye ne-2020 yemveliso ye-LCE eMzantsi Melika. amazinga 20-25% kulindeleke ukuba amachibi ityuwa 2024-2025. E-China, imveliso yomthombo we-lithium iqikelelwa malunga ne-325,000 yeetoni ze-LCE ngo-2024, ukunyuka kwe-37% ngonyaka, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-415,000 yeetoni ze-LCE ngo-2025, ngokukhula okucothayo ukuya kwi-28%. Ngo-2025, amachibi etyuwa anokodlula i-lithium mica njengowona mthombo mkhulu wobonelelo lwe-lithium elizweni. Ibhalansi yemfuno yokubonelela kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke isanda ukusuka kwi-130,000 yeetoni ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-200,000 kwaye emva koko iye kwi-250,000 yeetoni zeLCE ukusuka kwi-2023 ukuya ku-2025, kunye nokucutha okubalulekileyo kwentsalela elindelwe ngu-2027.

 

Iindleko zezibonelelo ze-lithium zehlabathi zibekwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: amachibi etyuwa < imigodi ye-lithium yaphesheya < imigodi ye-mica yasekhaya < ukubuyiswa kwakhona. Ngenxa yonxulumano olusondeleyo phakathi kwamaxabiso enkunkuma kunye namaxabiso eendawo, iindleko zixhomekeke ngakumbi kumgubo omnyama onyukayo kunye namaxabiso ebhetri asetyenzisiweyo. Ngo-2024, imfuno yetyuwa ye-lithium yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ibe malunga ne-1.18-1.20 yezigidi zeetoni ze-LCE, kunye neendleko ezihambelanayo ze-76,000-80,000 yuan / ton. Iindleko zepesenti ezingama-80 zijikeleze i-70,000 yuan/toni, ngokuyintloko iqhutywa yimigodi ye-mica yasekhaya ekumgangatho ophezulu, imigodi ye-lithium yase-Afrika, kunye nezinye imigodi yaphesheya kweelwandle. Ezinye iinkampani ziye zanqumamisa imveliso ngenxa yokuhla kwexabiso, kwaye ukuba amaxabiso abuyele ngaphezulu kwe-80,000 yuan, ezi nkampani zinokuphinda ziqalise imveliso ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ekhokelela kuxinzelelo lokubonelela. Nangona ezinye iiprojekthi zezibonelelo ze-lithium zaphesheya ziqhubela phambili kancinci kunoko bekulindelwe, imeko iyonke ihlala iyenye yolwando oluqhubekayo, kwaye imeko ye-global oversupply ayikhange ibuyiselwe umva, kunye ne-inventory ephezulu yasekhaya eqhubekayo ukunyanzela amandla okuphinda abuyele.

 

2. Iingcebiso zoNxibelelwano lweMakethi

Iishedyuli zokuvelisa ngoNovemba ziye zahlaziywa phezulu xa kuthelekiswa neeholide zasemva kuka-Oktobha, kunye nokwahlulo oluthile kwimveliso phakathi kweefektri ze-lithium iron phosphate. Abavelisi be-lithium iron phosphate abaphambili bagcina ukusetyenziswa komthamo ophezulu, ngelixa amashishini e-ternary abone ukuhla okuncinci kwimveliso malunga ne-15%. Ngaphandle koku, ukuthengiswa kwe-lithium cobalt oxide kunye nezinye iimveliso ziye zaphinda zaphindaphinda, kwaye imiyalelo ayizange ibonise ukuhla okuphawulekayo, okukhokelela kumbono oqinisekileyo wemfuno kubenzi bezinto zasekhaya ze-cathode ngoNovemba.

 

Imvumelwano yemarike ezantsi kumaxabiso e-lithium malunga ne-65,000 yuan / ton, kunye noluhlu oluphezulu lwe-85,000-100,000 yuan / ton. I-downside enokwenzeka yamaxabiso e-lithium carbonate ibonakala ilinganiselwe. Njengoko amaxabiso ehla, ukuzimisela kwemarike ukuthenga izinto ezithengiswayo kuyenyuka. Ngokusetyenziswa kwenyanga kwe-70,000-80,000 yeetoni kunye noluhlu lwentsalela yeetoni ezimalunga nama-30,000, ubukho babarhwebi abaninzi bekamva kunye nabarhwebi benza kube lula ukwetyisa le ntsalela. Ukongeza, phantsi kweemeko zoqoqosho olukhulu olunethemba, ukuphelelwa lithemba okugqithisileyo akunakufane kwenzeke.

 

 

Ubuthathaka bakutshanje kwi-nickel kubalelwa kwinto yokuba izabelo zeRKAB zika-2024 zinokusetyenziswa kuphela ekupheleni konyaka, kwaye naziphi na iikowuta ezingasetyenziswanga azinakugqithiselwa kunyaka ozayo. Ekupheleni kukaDisemba, ukunikezelwa kwe-nickel ore kulindeleke ukuba kube lula, kodwa iiprojekthi ezintsha ze-pyrometallurgical kunye ne-hydrometallurgical ziza kwi-intanethi, okwenza kube nzima ukufezekisa imeko yokubonelela ngokukhululekile. Ukudityaniswa namaxabiso e-LME asezantsi, iipremiyamu ze-nickel ore azikanwenwanga ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kobonelelo, kwaye iipremiyamu ziyehla.

 

Ngokuphathelele uthethwano lwexesha elide lwekhontrakthi yonyaka ozayo, kunye ne-nickel, i-cobalt, kunye namaxabiso e-lithium onke kumanqanaba aphantsi, abavelisi be-cathode baxela ngokubanzi ukungafani kwizaphulelo zekhontrakthi yexesha elide. Abavelisi bebhetri baqhubeka nokubeka "imisebenzi engenakufezekiswa" kubenzi be-cathode, kunye nezaphulelo zetyuwa ye-lithium kwi-90%, ngelixa impendulo evela kubenzi betyuwa ye-lithium ibonisa ukuba izaphulelo zixhaphake kakhulu malunga ne-98-99%. Kula manqanaba exabiso aphantsi ngokupheleleyo, izimo zengqondo zabadlali abanyukayo nabasezantsi bazolile xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, ngaphandle kobunzima obugqithisileyo. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwi-nickel kunye ne-cobalt, apho umlinganiselo wokuhlanganiswa kwezityalo ze-nickel smelting zanda, kwaye ukuthengiswa kwangaphandle kwe-MHP (i-Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate) kugxininiswe kakhulu, kubanika amandla amakhulu okuxoxisana. Ngamaxabiso aphantsi angoku, ababoneleli abaphezulu bakhetha ukungathengisi, ngelixa becinga ukuqala ukucaphula xa i-nickel ye-LME iphakama ngaphezu kwe-yuan eyi-16,000. Abahwebi babika ukuba isaphulelo se-MHP sonyaka ozayo si-81, kwaye abavelisi be-nickel sulfate basasebenza ngokulahlekelwa. Ngo-2024, iindleko ze-nickel sulfate zinokunyuka ngenxa yamaxabiso aphezulu ezinto ezibonakalayo (inkunkuma kunye ne-MHP).

 

3. Izinxaxhi ezilindelekileyo

Ukukhula konyaka-ngonyaka kwimfuno ngexesha le "Golden September kunye neSilivere ye-Okthobha" isenokungabi phezulu njengexesha le "Golden March kunye neSilver April" ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, kodwa ukuphela komsila wexesha eliphakamileyo likaNovemba lihlala ixesha elide kunokuba bekulindelwe. Umgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya wokutshintsha izithuthi zombane ezindala kunye nezitsha, kunye nemiyalelo evela kumazwe aphesheya kweeprojekthi zokugcina ezinkulu, unikeze inkxaso kabini ekupheleni komsila wemfuno ye-lithium carbonate, ngelixa imfuno ye-lithium hydroxide ihlala ibuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, isilumkiso siyafuneka malunga notshintsho kwii-odolo zeebhetri zamandla emva kombindi kaNovemba.

 

 

I-Pilbara kunye ne-MRL, ezinomlinganiselo ophezulu wokuthengiswa kweemarike zamahhala, zikhuphe iingxelo zabo ze-Q3 2024, ezibonisa amanyathelo okunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunciphisa isikhokelo sokuvelisa. Okubangela umdla kukuba, uPilbara uceba ukuvala iprojekthi yeNgungaju ngoDisemba 1, ebeka phambili uphuhliso lweplanti yasePilgan. Ngexesha lokugqibela elipheleleyo lamaxabiso e-lithium ukusuka kwi-2015 ukuya kwi-2020, iprojekthi ye-Altura yasungulwa ngo-Oktobha 2018 kwaye yayeka ukusebenza ngo-Oktobha 2020 ngenxa yemicimbi yokuhamba kwemali. U-Pilbara wafumana i-Altura ngo-2021 kwaye wayibiza iprojekthi ngokuthi Ngungaju, eceba ukuyiqala kwakhona ngezigaba. Emva kweminyaka emithathu yokusebenza, ngoku imiselwe ukuba ivalwe ukulungiselela ukulungiswa. Ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu, esi sigqibo sibonisa ukucutha okusebenzayo kwimveliso kunye neendleko ekukhanyeni kwexabiso eliphantsi le-lithium. Ibhalansi phakathi kwamaxabiso e-lithium kunye nokubonelela kuye kwatshintsha ngokuthula, kwaye ukugcina ukusetyenziswa kwinqanaba lexabiso kuyiphumo lokulinganisa i-pros and cons.

 

4. Isilumkiso somngcipheko

Ukuqhubeka nokukhula okungalindelekanga kwimveliso yemoto yamandla amatsha kunye nokuthengiswa, ukucuthwa kwemveliso yemigodi engalindelekanga, kunye neziganeko zokusingqongileyo.

 

III. Ukusetyenziswa kweNickel kunye neCobalt

I-nickel kunye ne-cobalt zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo. Nazi ezinye zeendawo eziphambili zesicelo:

 

1.Ukwenziwa kwebhetri

 

(1) Iibhetri zeLithium-Ion: I-Nickel kunye ne-cobalt zizinto ezibalulekileyo zezixhobo ze-cathode kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi zombane (EVs) kunye nezixhobo zombane eziphathekayo ezifana nee-smartphones kunye neelaptops.

(2)Iibhetri zeState-Solid: Izinto ze-nickel kunye ne-cobalt nazo zinezicelo ezinokubakho kwiibhetri ze-slid-state, ukwandisa ubuninzi bamandla kunye nokhuseleko.

 

 

2. Ukwenziwa kweAlloy

 

(1) Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo: I-Nickel yinto ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yensimbi engenasici, ukuphucula ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye namandla.

(2)Iialloyi zobushushu obuphezulu: I-alloys ye-nickel-cobalt isetyenziswe kwi-aerospace kunye nezinye izicelo eziphezulu zokushisa ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa okukhulu kunye namandla.

 

3. IiCatalysts

IiCatalysts zeMichiza: I-nickel kunye ne-cobalt zisebenza njenge-catalysts kwii-chemical reactions ezithile, ezisetyenziswe kwi-petroleum refining kunye ne-chemical synthesis.

 

4. Electroplating

Electroplating Industry: I-Nickel isetyenziselwa i-electroplating ukunyusa ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye ne-aesthetics yemigangatho yesinyithi, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimoto, izixhobo zasekhaya, kunye neemveliso zombane.

 

5. Izinto zeMagnetic

Iimagnethi ezisisigxina: I-Cobalt isetyenziselwa ukwenza iimagnethi ezisebenza ngokusisigxina, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimotor, iijenereyitha kunye nezinzwa.

 

6. Izixhobo zonyango

Izixhobo zonyango: I-alloys ye-nickel-cobalt isetyenziswe kwizixhobo ezithile zonyango ukuphucula ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye ne-biocompatibility.

 

7. Amandla amatsha

Amandla eHydrojeni: I-nickel kunye ne-cobalt zisebenza njenge-catalysts kwi-teknoloji yamandla e-hydrogen, iququzelela ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen kunye nokugcinwa.

 

IV. Ukusetyenziswa kweeFilters zoLwahlulo lwe-Solid-Liquid kwi-Nickel kunye ne-Cobalt Processing

Izihluzi zokwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yenickel kunye necobalt, ngakumbi kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

 

1.Ukwenziwa kweOre

(1) Unyango lwangaphambili: Ngexesha lokuqala lokucutshungulwa kwe-nickel kunye ne-cobalt ores, izihlungi zokwahlula okuqinileyo-ulwelo zisetyenziselwa ukususa ukungcola kunye nomswakama kwi-ore, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokukhutshwa okulandelayo.

(2)Ukugxila: Itekhnoloji yokwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo inokujolisa isinyithi esixabisekileyo kwintsimbi ekrwada, inciphisa umthwalo ekuqhubekeni phambili.

 

2. Inkqubo yokuLeaching

(1) Ukuhlukana kweLeachate: Kwinkqubo ye-leaching ye-nickel kunye ne-cobalt, izihlungi zokwahlula okuqinileyo-ulwelo zisetyenziselwe ukwahlula i-leachate kwiiminerali eziqinileyo ezinganyibilikiyo, ziqinisekisa ukubuyiswa okusebenzayo kweentsimbi ezikhutshiweyo kwisigaba samanzi.

(2)Ukuphucula iiReyithi zokuBuyisa: Ukwahlula okusebenzayo okuqinileyo okuqinileyo kunokunyusa izinga lokubuyisela i-nickel kunye ne-cobalt, ukunciphisa inkunkuma yemithombo.

3. Inkqubo yoMbane

(1) Unyango lwe-Electrolyte: Ngexesha le-electrowinning ye-nickel kunye ne-cobalt, izihlungi eziqinileyo zokwahlula ulwelo zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-electrolyte, ukususa ukungcola ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwenkqubo ye-electrowinning kunye nokucoceka kwemveliso.

(2)Unyango lwe-Sludge: I-sludge eyenziwe emva kwe-electrowinning inokucutshungulwa kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji yokwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo ukuze kubuyiselwe iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo.

 

4. Ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka

(1) Ukuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo: Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-nickel kunye ne-cobalt, izihlungi zokwahlula eziqinileyo ezinolwelo zingasetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, zisuse amasuntswana aqinileyo kunye nokungcola ukuhlangabezana nemigaqo yokusingqongileyo.

(2)UkuBuyiselwa koMthombo: Ngokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, iintsimbi eziluncedo zinokufunyanwa, okomeleza ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi.

 

5. Ukucoca imveliso

Ukwahlula kwiiNkqubo zokuCoca: Ngexesha lokucocwa kwe-nickel kunye ne-cobalt, izihlungi zokwahlula eziqinileyo zolwelo zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula ulwelo olusulungekileyo kubumdaka obuqinileyo, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela.

 

 

 

6. Utshintsho lweTekhnoloji

Ubuchwephesha boHlulo olusakhulayo: Ishishini ligxile kubuchwephesha obutsha bokuhlukana kolwelo oluqinileyo, olufana ne-membrane filtration kunye ne-ultrafiltration, enokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlula kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

 

V. Intshayelelo kwiiFilters zeVithy

Kwintsimi yokucoca ngokucokisekileyo okuphezulu, iVithy ibonelela ngezi mveliso zilandelayo:

 

1. Isihluzo seCartridge encinci 

lUluhlu lweMicron: 0.1-100 micron

lIzinto zesihluzi: Iplastiki (UHMWPE/PA/PTFE) ipowder sintered cartridge; intsimbi (SS316L/Titanium) ipowder sintered cartridge

lIimbonakalo: Ukuzicoca ngokuzenzekelayo, ukubuyiswa kwekeyiki yokucoca, ukugxininiswa kwe-slurry